Backpacking Guide 07
Sleeping Bags and Sleeping Pads
Guide
A sleep system includes the sleeping bag or quilt, sleeping pad, sleep clothing, and shelter. Each part matters. A warm bag on an uninsulated pad can still leave a Scout cold because the ground pulls heat away.
This guide is reference material, not a substitute for trip-specific instructions, current weather information, land-management rules, permits, product directions, or guidance from the leaders responsible for an outing.
Choose for the coldest expected conditions
Use the expected overnight low, elevation, wind exposure, moisture, and the Scout's experience. Temperature labels are comparison tools, not promises. People sleep at different temperatures, and ratings depend on clothing, pad insulation, shelter, food, fatigue, and other factors. Leave a safety margin for new Scouts and uncertain forecasts.
Sleeping bag choices
| Fill | Strengths | Watch for |
|---|---|---|
| Down | Excellent warmth for its weight and compresses very small | Usually costs more and loses performance when wet unless carefully protected |
| Synthetic | Often less expensive and retains more warmth when damp | Usually heavier and bulkier for the same warmth |
Fit also affects warmth. A bag that is too tight compresses insulation; one that is much too large has extra air to warm. Mummy bags save weight and heat, while roomier shapes may be more comfortable. Quilts can be efficient but require good pad attachment and draft control.
Sleeping pads and R-value
A pad provides cushioning and insulation. Its R-value describes resistance to heat loss: higher numbers generally provide more insulation. Choose the pad for the expected ground temperature and the manufacturer's guidance. R-values from compatible pads can often be combined when pads are stacked.
- Closed-cell foam pads are durable, simple, and useful as a backup, but bulky.
- Self-inflating pads combine foam and air, offering comfort and insulation at moderate weight.
- Air pads pack small and can be very comfortable, but they need puncture care and a repair kit.
Stay dry and warm
- Pack the bag in a waterproof liner or dry bag, separate from wet shelter parts.
- Change into dry sleep clothing and socks. Do not wear damp hiking layers to bed.
- Eat and hydrate appropriately before sleeping, and use the restroom rather than staying uncomfortable all night.
- Loft the bag soon after reaching camp and keep it away from tent-wall condensation.
- Do not breathe into the bag; moisture from breath reduces insulation.
- Carry the correct patch kit and practice repairing an inflatable pad.
Morning care
Air the sleep system when weather allows, but keep it secured from wind and moisture. Pack it dry whenever possible. At home, clean according to the manufacturer's instructions and store the bag loose so the insulation is not permanently compressed.
Before bed, confirm that every Scout has a dry bag, insulated pad, dry clothing, and a plan to tell a leader if they cannot get warm.
